[28] Lebanese Christians feared that the Muslim influx would affect their political dominance and their assumed demographic majority. When Israel resumed its air attacks on Lebanon, Hezbollah followed suit and recommenced rocket attacks on Israeli targets.[145]. An Israeli soldier who participated in the war said that Hezbollah fighters were "nothing like Hamas or the Palestinians. [24] The territory it now controlled went well beyond what had been allocated to it under the United Nations Partition Plan, incorporating much of what had been promised to the Palestinian Arabs under the Plan. [2], It was later reported that the Israel Air Force after midnight, 13 July, attacked and destroyed 59 stationary medium range Fajr rocket launchers positioned throughout southern Lebanon. [177], Hezbollah fired 4,407 submunitions into civilian-populated areas of northern Israel in 113 separate strikes, using Chinese made Type-81 122mm rockets, and Type-90 submunitions. Yaakov Amidror said that IDF had identified the names of 440 members of Hezbollah who were killed in the war. 250 (Hezbollah claim)[32] According to Israeli journalists Amos Harel and Avi Issacharoff the operation was "Israel's most impressive military action" and a "devastating blow for Hezbollah". They considered this number an indication of Hezbollah fatalities but warned that it could be revised upward in the future. In addition three or four town commanders and four or five village commanders were killed in the war.[208]. [123] A senior officer in the IDF Armored Corps told Haaretz that he would be surprised if it turned out that even five Hezbollah fighters had been killed by the 170,000 shells fired. Between July and August 2004 there was a period of more intense border conflict. [50] Hezbollah retaliated with rocket attacks on Israeli villages, though inflicting significantly fewer casualties. The League soon entered the conflict on the side of the Palestinian Arabs, thus beginning the international phase of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Hezbollah sends Israel message in Shebaa bombing. Hezbollah was estimated to have 13,000 missiles at the beginning of the conflict. He now claimed that 250 fighters had been killed in the war. They are Philippe Aractingi's Under the Bombs (2007) and Guy Nattiv and Erez Tadmor's Strangers (2007). Hezbollah now sought the release of Lebanese citizens in Israeli prisons and successfully used the tactic of capturing Israeli soldiers as leverage for a prisoner exchange in 2004. Israeli civilians killed by Hezbollah rocket attacks, 12 July – 13 August 2006 (black), Hizbullah claimed the war was a "Divine Victory", Israel generally considered the war a failure and a missed opportunity, The Israeli Defence Minister, Chief of Staff and several, Muhammad Qanso (Sajid ad-Duwayr) from the village of, Muhammad Sorour (Jihad al-'Amili) from Ayta ash-Sha’ab was a logistics officer. Among the targets hit were the Hezbollah headquarters in the southern suburbs of Beirut as well as the offices and homes of the leadership, the compounds of al-Manar TV station and al-Nour radio station, and the runways and fuel depots of the Rafic Hariri International Airport in Beirut. [117] Anthony Cordesman believed that IAF probably destroyed most long and medium range missiles in the first two days of the war but acknowledged that these claims "have never been validated or described in detail. They attacked a patrol of two Israeli Humvees patrolling the border near Zar'it, using pre-positioned explosives and anti-tank missiles, killing three soldiers, injuring two, and capturing two soldiers (First Sergeant Ehud Goldwasser and Sergeant First Class Eldad Regev). [197], IDF Maj.-Gen. Lessons of the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War – A. Cordesman & William D. Sulivan. Iran and Syria proclaimed a victory for Hezbollah[308] while Olmert declared that the war was a success for Israel. Israel has not confirmed carrying out that attack - but it had warned Hezbollah it would not allow it to develop precision guided missiles in Lebanon with support and parts from Iran. [293] "The evidence strongly suggests that the extensive destruction of power and water plants, as well as the transport infrastructure vital for food and other humanitarian relief, was deliberate and an integral part of a military strategy," Gilmore said. [36] In February 2007, the Los Angeles Times reported that at least 800 Lebanese had died during fighting,[184] and other articles have estimated the figure to be at least 850. [64] The day after Hezbollah leader Nasrallah appealed to Haifa's Arab community to leave the city so as not be hurt. The report continued to state that "a semi-military organization of a few thousand men resisted, for a few weeks, the strongest army in the Middle East, which enjoyed full air superiority and size and technology advantages." 1 warship damaged[26][27] Speeds Up Bomb Delivery for the Israelis", "Lebanon part of 'war on terror', says Bush", Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, "Arab League criticizes Hezbollah for attacks", "Arab League declares support for Lebanon, calls on UN to step in", "Study could acquit Israel of war crimes", "Israel / Lebanon: End immediately attacks against civilians", "Israel–Lebanon Evidence indicates deliberate destruction of civilian infrastructure", "UN: Security Council must adopt urgent measures to protect civilians in Israel–Lebanon conflict", "Obligations under international humanitarian law of the parties to the conflict in Israel and Lebanon", "Fatal Strikes: Israel's Indiscriminate Attacks Against Civilians in Lebanon", "Human rights group accuses Israel of war crimes", "Bouckaert: Both Israel and Hezbollah Committing 'War Crimes, "Lebanon: Hezbollah Rocket Attacks on Haifa Designed to Kill Civilians", "Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW): First Look at Israel's Use of Cluster Munitions in Lebanon in July–August 2006", "UN Chief Accuses Hezbollah of 'Cowardly Blending' Among Refugees", "Israel's 'immoral' use of cluster bombs in Lebanon poses major threat – UN aid chief", "Offering Video, Israel Answers Critics on War", "Might in the air will not defeat guerillas in this bitter conflict", "Hezbollah's deadly hold on heartland: Loved by many, accused by others of sacrificing civilians", "Declassified IDF Photos and Footage Expose Hizbullah Tactics", "IDF: Hizbullah preventing civilians from leaving villages in southern Lebanon", "Israel/Lebanon: Further evidence of grave violations in Israel–Hizbullah conflict underlines urgent need for UN inquiry", "Israel/Lebanon: Israeli Indiscriminate Attacks Killed Most Civilians", "Illegal attack or legitimate target? Hezbollah fighters were highly trained, and were equipped with flak jackets, night-vision goggles, communications equipment, and sometimes with Israeli uniforms and equipment. [149], War between Israeli, Lebanese, Syrian, and other forces in Lebanon since 1948, 1983 Israeli-Lebanese accords and their collapse, SLA conflict with Hezbollah (February 1985 – May 2000), Border clashes and assassinations (September 2000 – July 2006), Israel-Lebanese military border incidents. [122], The Israeli artillery fired 170,000 shells, more than twice the number fired in the 1973 October War. Udi Adam [309], At the outbreak of hostilities, Prime Minister Fouad Siniora promised to rein in Hezbollah in an effort to stop Israel's offensive. During the South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) the Hezbollah militia waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon and their South Lebanon Army proxies. [64] Rafeh reportedly confessed to the Majzoub killings and to working for Mossad,[65] and admitted that his cell had assassinated two Hezbollah leaders in 1999 and 2003 and the son of Ahmed Jibril, leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command, in 2002. On 21 February 2007, Lebanese Army troops fired at an Israeli UAV over Tyre with small arms, causing no damage. [76] Normal life across much of Lebanon and northern Israel was disrupted, in addition to the deaths in combat. On 8 May 1970, a PLO faction, called the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, (DFLP) crossed into Israel and carried out the Avivim school bus massacre. [64] Police discovered bomb-making materials, code machines and other espionage equipment in his home. [citation needed] Lebanon committed 1,000 of these soldiers to the cause. Later, citing continued Israeli control of the Shebaa farms region and the internment of Lebanese prisoners in Israel, Hezbollah intensified its cross-border attacks, and used the tactic of seizing soldiers from Israel as leverage for a prisoner exchange in 2004. [64] According to Human Rights Watch, "These bombs may have killed 'only' 43 civilians, but that says more about the availability of warning systems and bomb shelters throughout most of Northern Israel and the evacuation of more than 350,000 people than it does about Hezbollah's intentions. Hezbollah maintained the desire for an unconditional ceasefire,[168] while Israel insisted upon a conditional ceasefire, including the return of the two seized soldiers. הפגזות נוספות בדרך", "Israeli jets reportedly strike arms shipment en route to Hezbollah", "Israel bombs Hezbollah target on Lebanon-Syria border", "Israel bombed Hezbollah's target on Lebanese-Syrian border", "Israel strikes area on Lebanon-Syria border", "Watch: Hezbollah says Lebanon blast was Israel destroying its own crashed drone", "דיווח: חיל האוויר תקף שיירת חיזבאללה בגבול סוריה-לבנון", "Reports say Israeli jets hit Hezbollah positions along Syria-Lebanon border", "Israel Strikes Syrian Anti-aircraft Target and a Spying Device in Lebanon", Lebanon president: Israel drone attack a declaration of war, "Hariri: Israeli drones in Beirut threaten Lebanon's sovereignty", "Two Israeli drones fall in Beirut suburbs, one explodes: army,...", "Israel said to strike base of Palestinian terror group deep inside Lebanon", "Israeli drone crashes in Lebanon due to malfunction", Hezbollah shoots at Israeli drone over southern Lebanon, "Israeli army says one of its drones crashed inside Lebanon", "Hezbollah shot down an Israeli drone in southern Lebanon", "Hezbollah says commander killed in Beirut, blames Israel", "Security Council Extends Unifil Mandate for Six Months, to 31 January 2002", "UN Questions Usefulness of Peacekeepers – Security Council – Global Policy Forum", "Lebanese army: 12 IAF jets fly over Beirut, Lebanese areas", "Israeli planes create sonic boom confusion over Lebanon", "Report: IAF jets emit sonic booms over s. Lebanon", "Lebanon to UN: Israel breached truce deal hundreds of times", "France calls IAF overflights in Lebanon 'extremely dangerous, "U.S. officials demand IAF cease overflights in Lebanese airspace", "12 Israeli warplanes violate Lebanese airspace", "UN News – Lebanon: UN again protests against Israeli over-flights", "UN News – UN envoy 'seriously concerned' over Israeli violations of Lebanese airspace", "Israeli overflights 'dangerous situation' – Lebanon", "Israel's incessant overflights heighten Lebanon tensions", "Israel Continues Overflights of Lebanon", "Petraeus Visit Highlights Growing Strategic Prominence of Lebanon – August 7, 2008 – The New York Sun", "Spotlight – Israel offered to cease overflights for US intel", "Israeli army vehicles cross Blue Line into Lebanon", "Israel again violates Lebanese air space, enters Shebaa Farms", "Israel-Lebanon border clash kills five people", "Israeli gunboat fired shots toward Lebanese waters", "Lebanon says Israel gas search violates sea border", "Oil, gas discoveries, a potential Israel-Lebanon conflict", "Report: Israel stealing Lebanese gas – Israel News, Ynetnews", Israel-Lebanon Offshore Oil & Gas Dispute – Rules of International Maritime Law, 2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes, 2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes, Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present), Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present), Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present), India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015), India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018), Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present), FULRO insurgency against Vietnam (1964–92), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israeli–Lebanese_conflict&oldid=1009318084, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, In September 2000, Hezbollah forged an electoral coalition with the. But the general spirit of the war coverage, in the broad strategic sense, as utterly uncritical." [144], At sea, Israeli gunboats have shot into Lebanese territorial waters, and there have been Lebanese claims that Israel is breaching the law of the sea and might lay claim on Lebanese natural resources through the Tamar gas field. So the Lebanese can thank Hezbollah. The war deepened the longtime divide in Lebanon over Hezbollah's role. Israel fired 4.6 million submunitions into dozens of towns and villages in southern Lebanon in 962 separate strikes, circa 90% within the final 72 hours of the war, when the conflict already had been largely resolved by UN Security Council Resolution 1701. (res.) [81], According to Conal Urquhart in The Guardian, the Winograd Committee leaked a testimony from Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert suggesting that Olmert "had been preparing for such a war at least four months before the official casus belli: the capture by Hezbollah of two Israeli soldiers from a border post on 12 July 2006. * The Lebanese government does not differentiate between civilians and combatants in death toll figures. 1,191 (Amnesty International)[41] In April 1981, the United States brokered a cease-fire in southern Lebanon among Israel, Syria and the PLO. Cabinet minister Jacob Edery confirmed the bombs were dropped "against military targets in open ground". [374] In the second half of September Hezbollah claimed victory and asserted an improvement in their position, and they redeployed to some positions on the border[375][376] as Israel completed its withdrawal from Lebanon save border-straddling Ghajar. [67][68], Hezbollah promptly demanded the release of Lebanese prisoners held by Israel, including Samir Kuntar and an alleged surviving perpetrator of the Coastal Road massacre, in exchange for the release of the captured soldiers. The UN estimated the cost for the initial clean-up at $64 million. 4 (2006), pp. Lebanese civilians (combatants included) and foreign civilians: Israel offers Lebanon medical assistance after Beirut blast. Al-Arabiya reported that the target of the attack was Hezbollah facilities inside Lebanon, near the border and that several Hezbollah members were killed in the attack. In the ensuing clash, one Israeli soldier died as well as two Lebanese soldiers and one Lebanese journalist. Damage to communal and business infrastructure, the Israeli-imposed sea and air blockade and continued instability is preventing and deterring tourists. [6][385] Annan also reported that as of 20 November 2006, 822 Israeli cluster bomb strike sites had been recorded,[385] with 60,000 cluster bomblets having been cleared by the UN Mine Action Coordination Center. In July 1981, fearing an Israeli-Syrian clash in Lebanon, the United States had brokered an ambiguous cease-fire, during which the PLO continued to amass heavy arms. [28] [392] The Mossad, Israel's intelligence agency, was widely believed to be behind the assassination. On 2 September 2004 Resolution 1559 was approved by the United Nations Security council, calling for the disbanding of all Lebanese militia. [28] Less democratic regimes also feared the threat the refugees posed to their own rule, but Lebanon would prove too weak to maintain a crackdown. [80] The US government denied these claims. In addition four elderly died of heart attacks during rocket attacks. Foreign visitors had been expected to bring in $2.5 to $3 billion US during 2006. ", Images obtained by the Sunday Herald Sun show that "Hezbollah is waging war amid suburbia. This includes the country's largest dairy farm Liban Lait in the Bekka area, the Maliban Glassworks in Tannayel, Dalal Industries (a factory which produces prefabricated homes),[245] a dealership for Procter & Gamble,[246] two electricity transformers in south Lebanon cutting off power to the city of Tyre[247] and fuel tanks of an oil-fired power station in Jiyeh. The TV station was bombed 15 times during the war but never faltered after the first hiccup. The material damage to the private sector was estimated at $200 million with an anticipated increase in that figure due to cancelled contracts. Meanwhile, demographic tensions over the Lebanese National Pact led to the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990). Fearing loss of commercial access to the port of Beirut, in June 1976 Syria intervened in the civil war to support the Maronite dominated government,[38] and by October had 40,000 troops stationed within Lebanon. 20[19] tanks damaged beyond repair (from ATGMs and IEDs)[20][21] Following a long period of using standoff firepower and limited ground activities, the IDF launched a large-scale ground offensive close to the UN Security Council's resolution which imposed a cease-fire. Hostilities were suspended on 8 September 2006. A rescue force was immediately dispatched to the area, and confirmed that two soldiers were missing after 20 minutes. The directors involved included Akram Zaatari, Khalil Joreige, Joana Hadjithomas, Danielle Arbid, Tina Baz, Gregory Buchakjian, Ghassan Salhab, Rania Stephan and others.
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