[25] She was educated in Methodist English High School (now Basic Education High School No. [105] In a separate trial, Yettaw said he swam to Suu Kyi's house to warn her that her life was "in danger". Indira Gandhi was India's third prime minister, serving from 1966 until 1984, when her life ended in assassination. Britain on Thursday urged for an “immediate end to military repression” in Myanmar. 13 November 2010: Released from house arrest. [128] On 6 May 2008, President George W. Bush signed legislation awarding Aung San Suu Kyi the Congressional Gold Medal. However, her appeal against the August sentence was rejected by a Burmese court on 2 October 2009. That same year, the United Nations declared that Suu Kyi's detention was illegal under Myanmar law. In December 2019, Suu Kyi appeared in the International Court of Justice at The Hague where she defended the Burmese military against allegations of genocide against the Rohingya. On 26 August 1988, she addressed half a million people at a mass rally in front of the Shwedagon Pagoda in the capital, calling for a democratic government. [28] Aris was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1997 which was later found to be terminal. [149], US President Barack Obama personally advocated the release of all political prisoners, especially Aung San Suu Kyi, during the US-ASEAN Summit of 2009. "[191], On 2 May 2012, National League for Democracy MP-elects, including Aung San Suu Kyi, took their oaths and took office, though the wording of the oath was not changed. Holocaust Memorial Museum and Fortify Rights, which referred to the acts of "genocide" being committed in Myanmar, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson met with Suu Kyi and publicly called for investigations into the violence. On 18 January 2007, the state-run paper New Light of Myanmar accused Suu Kyi of tax evasion for spending her Nobel Prize money outside the country. [167] On 1 December 2011, Aung San Suu Kyi met with Hillary Clinton at the residence of the top-ranking US diplomat in Yangon. "[238] The BBC reported that "Her comments came as the number of Rohingya fleeing to Bangladesh reached 87,000, according to UN estimates", adding that "her sentiments were echoed by Nobel Peace laureate Malala Yousafzai, who said she was waiting to hear from Ms Suu Kyi – who has not commented on the crisis since it erupted". "The vote of the people must be respected and civilian leaders released," he tweeted. Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest at her home on University Avenue (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}16°49′32″N 96°9′1″E / 16.82556°N 96.15028°E / 16.82556; 96.15028) in Rangoon, during which time she was awarded the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990, and the Nobel Peace Prize one year later. [53] Instead, the results were nullified and the military refused to hand over power, resulting in an international outcry. "It is our view that the Aung San Suu Kyi trial is an internal affair of Myanmar", Vietnamese government spokesman Le Dung stated on the website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Aung San Suu Kyi rose to prominence in the 8888 Uprising of 8 August 1988 and became the General Secretary of the NLD, which she had newly formed with the help of several retired army officials who criticized the military junta. in 1967. claim that Aung San Suu Kyi would have assumed the office of Prime Minister. Aung San Suu Kyi has been an honorary board member of. [80] However, the process delivered few concrete results. [230], In a 2015 BBC News article, reporter Jonah Fisher suggested that Aung San Suu Kyi's silence over the Rohingya issue is due to a need to obtain support from the majority Bamar ethnicity as she is in "the middle of a general election campaign". In 1988, after Suu Kyi returned to Burma to care for her dying mother, her life took a dramatic turn. The Freedom Campaign, a joint effort between the Human Rights Action Center and US Campaign for Burma, looks to raise worldwide attention to the struggles of Aung San Suu Kyi and the people of Burma. [42] Suu Kyi was released from house arrest on 13 November 2010.[43]. [257], In early October 2018, both the Canadian Senate and its House of Commons voted unanimously to strip Aung San Suu Kyi of her honorary citizenship. [226] According to Peter Popham, in the aftermath of the interview, she expressed anger at being interviewed by a Muslim. And we cannot of course forget South Africa, because although it wasn't a military regime, it was certainly an authoritarian regime." Therefore, the court ordered the Burmese government to take "all measures within its power" to protect the Rohingya from genocidal actions. Aung San Lin died at the age of eight when he drowned in an ornamental lake on the grounds of the house. "[55], The decision of the Nobel Committee mentions:[56]. Yeoh visited Suu Kyi in 2011 before the film's release in November. In November 2011, Aung San Suu Kyi received Francois Zimeray, France's Ambassador for Human Rights. On April 1, 2012, following a grueling and exhausting campaign, the NLD announced that Suu Kyi had won her election. She did condemn "hate of any kind" in the interview. ", "Suu Kyi's Silence: Why Myanmar's Leader Is Ignoring The Rohingya Genocide", "Aung San Suu Kyi stripped of Amnesty's highest honour over 'shameful betrayal, "Myanmar army, government aim to silence independent journalism: U.N.", "Myanmar's Aung San Suu Kyi: 'Defending the indefensible, "Myanmar's Aung San Suu Kyi 'detained by military', NLD party says", "Myanmar Family Roles and Social Relationships", "ဒေါ်အောင်ဆန်းစုကြည်ကို "အမေစု"ဟု အော်ဟစ် နှုတ်ဆက်", The Next United Nations Secretary-General: Time for a Woman, MPs to Suu Kyi: You are the real PM of Burma, "Much warmth, some restraint at Manmohan's meeting with Suu Kyi", "AUNG SAN SUU KYI: HER EARLY LIFE, FAMILY AND CHARACTER", Before the storm: Aung San Suu Kyi photograph peels back the years, "SOAS alumna Aung San Suu Kyi calls for 'Peaceful Revolution' in Burma", "Official: UN plane lands in Myanmar with aid after cyclone", "The Nobel Peace Prize 1991 Presentation Speech", Mental culture in Burmese crisis politics: Aung San Suu Kyi and the National League for Democracy, "Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, Burma's Icon of Democracy, Hope and Grace Under Pressure", "Is Aung San Suu Kyi rethinking her tactics? [233] This followed Bamar protests at Marciel's use of the word "Rohingya". The Burmese government detained and kept Aung San Suu Kyi imprisoned because it viewed her as someone "likely to undermine the community peace and stability" of the country, and used both Article 10(a) and 10(b) of the 1975 State Protection Act (granting the government the power to imprison people for up to five years without a trial),[65] and Section 22 of the "Law to Safeguard the State Against the Dangers of Those Desiring to Cause Subversive Acts" as legal tools against her. [159] More recently, there has been growing criticism of her detention by Burma's neighbours in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, particularly from Indonesia,[130] Thailand,[131] the Philippines[132][133] and Singapore. [103] Ban responded to an international campaign[116] by flying to Burma to negotiate, but Than Shwe rejected all of his requests. This page was last edited on 3 March 2021, at 13:34. Holocaust Memorial Museum's Elie Wiesel Award, annually given to "internationally prominent individuals whose actions have advanced the Museum’s vision of a world where people confront hatred, prevent genocide, and promote human dignity," according to its website. The museum urged her to cooperate with international efforts "to establish the truth about the atrocities committed in Rakhine State and secure accountability for perpetrators" in her country. Ban said he was "deeply disappointed that they have missed a very important opportunity". Her son Kim Aris was granted a visa in November 2010 to see his mother shortly after her release, for the first time in 10 years. [119] Following the verdict of the trial, lawyers of Aung San Suu Kyi said they would appeal against the 18-month sentence. The NLD lodged an official complaint with the police, and according to reports the government launched an investigation, but no action was taken. Some[who?] She was released in May 2002. 1990 general election and Nobel Peace Prize, Late 2000s: International support for release, State Counsellor and Foreign Minister (2016–2021), Response to violence against Rohingya Muslims and refugees, Silverstein, Josef "The idea of freedom in Burma and the political thought of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi". The court also took the view that the Burmese government's efforts to remedy the situation "do not appear sufficient" enough to protect the Rohingya. The sentence was reduced to 18 months, and she was allowed to serve it as a continuation of her house arrest. She started her 6-day visit to India on 16 November 2012, where among the places she visited was her alma mater. [97] On 13 May, Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested for violating the terms of her house arrest because the swimmer, who pleaded exhaustion, was allowed to stay in her house for two days before he attempted the swim back. Now they're warning protesters not to 'destroy democracy, "Myanmar coup: Calls for Suu Kyi release as lawmakers held", "Arrests, military control 'a serious blow' to democratic reforms in Myanmar: UN chief", "Freedom from Fear speech by Aung Sang Suu Kyi, 1990", Myanmar's Suu Kyi ends US trip, hailing democracy, "Overzicht Eredoctoraten Vrije Universiteit Brussel", "Aung San Suu Kyi receives honorary degree", "Councillors vote to strip Aung San Suu Kyi of the Freedom of Dublin", "The Elders congratulate Aung San Suu Kyi ahead of her appearance in parliament in Burma/Myanmar", BBC News – Aung San Suu Kyi to present the BBC's Reith Lectures, "Canada revokes honorary citizenship for Aung San Suu Kyi", "Aung San Suu Kyi honoured by Oxford University with honorary degree", "Aung San Suu Kyi's Party Puts Loyalist in Line for Myanmar President", Myanmar swears in first elected civilian president in 50 years, "Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's hospitality training school seeks new youth applicants", "Libraries in Myanmar are Taking Strides in the Right Direction", "Aung San Suu Kyi to receive honorary degree from S. Korean univ", "Aung San Suu Kyi's tragic love and incredible life come to the big screen", "Beyond Rangoon (1995): Sad Tourist Trapped in Burma", "Rukmini Vijayakumar in The Lady of Burma", "Model Aru looked gorgeous enjoying the 'Lady from Burma' play at Egmore museum in Chennai", "New Damien Rice & Lisa Hannigan Single "Unplayed Piano" to Be Released June 21 in Support of Free Aung San Suu Kyi 60th Birthday Campaign", "Aung San Suu Kyi and Bono discuss U2's song Walk On – 2012-06-18", "Aung San Suu Kyi Recovering from Surgery in Rangoon – 2003-09-19", "Suu Kyi cancels trips after foot surgery – ANN", "Aung San Suu Kyi doctor fears for her health after illness on Europe tour", "The Idea of Freedom in Burma and the Political Thought of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi", Aung San Suu Kyi collected news and commentary, "Aung San Suu Kyi collected news and commentary", United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, Korean Association of Bereaved Families for Democracy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aung_San_Suu_Kyi&oldid=1010030900, Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Myanmar, Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Honorary Companions of the Order of Australia, Members of the House of Representatives (Burma), National League for Democracy politicians, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Articles containing Burmese-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia pending changes protected pages, Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2019, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2017, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Nobelprize template using Wikidata property P8024, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 20 July 1989: Placed under house arrest in Rangoon under. In October, around a tenth of Burma's political prisoners were freed in an amnesty and trade unions were legalised. It appears on his albums 1+1 (with pianist Herbie Hancock) and Footprints Live!. Despite her philosophy of non-violence, a group of ex-military commanders and senior politicians who joined NLD during the crisis believed that she was too confrontational and left NLD. She has also received the Rafto prize (1990), the International Simón Bolívar Prize (1992) and the Jawaharlal Nehru Award (1993), among other accolades. [24] Her father, Aung San, allied with the Japanese during World War II. [193] He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his leadership role in ending the Cold War and promoting peaceful international relations. [260] She also questioned how there could be "genocidal intent" when the Burmese government had opened investigations and also encouraged Rohingya to return after being displaced. [142] However, Samak Sundaravej, former Prime Minister of Thailand, criticised the amount of support for Aung San Suu Kyi, saying that "Europe uses Aung San Suu Kyi as a tool. [163], Discussions were held between Suu Kyi and the Burmese government during 2011, which led to a number of official gestures to meet her demands. [35] On 1 January 1972, Aung San Suu Kyi and Aris, a scholar of Tibetan culture and literature, living abroad in Bhutan, were married. [269] A police officer testified that he was ordered by superiors to use entrapment to frame and arrest the journalists; he was later jailed and his family evicted from their home in the police camp. Her sons Alexander and Kim accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on her behalf. [180] A paragraph in the speech, focusing on the Tatmadaw's repression by means of law, was censored by authorities. Her sentence was then renewed every year, prompting the international community to call for her release. Mikhail Gorbachev was the first president of the Soviet Union, serving from 1990 to 1991. After his 1896 execution, he became an icon for the nationalist movement. In response, the junta in September 2000 once again placed her under house arrest. Thein Sein (Burmese: သိန်းစိန်; IPA: [θéɪɰ̃ sèɪɰ̃]; born 20 April 1944) is a Burmese politician and retired general in the Myanmar Army who served as the 8th President of Myanmar from 2011 to 2016. [244] A few days later, Munsur Ali, a councillor for City of London Corporation, tabled a motion to rescind the Freedom of the City of London: the motion was supported by Catherine McGuinness, chair of the corporation's policy and resources committee, who expressed "distress  ... at the situation in Burma and the atrocities committed by the Burmese military". Friends of the woman who made the historical accusation of rape against a current Cabinet Minister speak up to urge Prime Minister Scott Morrison to hold an inquiry into the allegation. [310], Suu Kyi underwent surgery for a gynecological condition in September 2003 at Asia Royal Hospital during her house arrest. [265][266] Suu Kyi publicly commented in June 2018 that the journalists "weren't arrested for covering the Rakhine issue", but because they had broken Myanmar's Official Secrets Act. This article lists the presidents of Myanmar (also known as Burma) since the Burmese Declaration of Independence in 1948. This is what they found", "Myanmar defends Suu Kyi's silence over jailed reporters", "Exclusive: Interview with Aung San Suu Kyi", "Jailed reporters' wives 'devastated' by Aung San Suu Kyi response", "Suu Kyi's image in shreds as Myanmar jails Reuters pair", "Whistle-blower police officer gets one-year jail sentence", "Aung San Suu Kyi defends prison sentences for Reuters journalists", "Myanmar military seizes power, detains elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi", "After Coup, Myanmar Military Charges Aung San Suu Kyi With Obscure Infraction", "Myanmar's military overturned a democratic election. [66] She continuously appealed her detention,[67] and many nations and figures continued to call for her release and that of 2,100 other political prisoners in the country. "[192] [206] On 30 March 2016 she became Minister for the President's Office, for Foreign Affairs, for Education and for Electric Power and Energy in President Htin Kyaw's government; later she relinquished the latter two ministries and President Htin Kyaw appointed her State Counsellor, a position akin to a Prime Minister created especially for her. [150], The US Government hoped that successful general elections would be an optimistic indicator of the Burmese government's sincerity towards eventual democracy. Those within Myanmar and the concerned international community believed that the ruling was simply brought down to prevent Suu Kyi from participating in the multiparty parliamentary elections scheduled for the following year (the first since 1990). In 1955, Burmese Prime Minister U Nu became the first foreign prime minister to visit Israel. Myanmar leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior political figures have been detained in an early morning raid, a spokesperson for the country’s National League for Democracy has said. Previously known for her courage in the face of military abuses, Suu Kyi now drew criticism for seemingly turning a blind eye to these atrocities. About 200 men swooped down on the motorcade, wielding metal chains, metal batons, stones and other weapons. In November 2011, the NLD announced that it would re-register as a political party, and in January 2012, Suu Kyi formally registered to run for a seat in parliament. [162] Her son visited again on 8 August 2011, to accompany her on a trip to Pegu, her second trip. Her lawyer stated that her legal team would pursue a new appeal within 60 days. [276], Asked what democratic models Myanmar could look to, she said: "We have many, many lessons to learn from various places, not just the Asian countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Mongolia, and Indonesia." However, soon Aung San Suu Kyi's government did not manage with the ethnic conflicts in Shan and Kachin states, where thousands of refugees fled to China, and by 2017 the persecution of the Rohingya by the government forces escalated to the point that it is not uncommonly called a genocide. [260] She stated that the allegations of genocide were "incomplete and misleading",[12] claiming that the situation was actually a Burmese military response to attacks by the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army. [122], Aung San Suu Kyi has received vocal support from Western nations in Europe,[123] Australia[123] and North[124] and South America, as well as India,[21] Israel,[125] Japan[126] the Philippines and South Korea. In an interview, she said that while under house arrest she spent her time reading philosophy, politics and biographies that her husband had sent her. [151] The Hatoyama government which spent 2.82 billion yen in 2008, has promised more Japanese foreign aid to encourage Burma to release Aung San Suu Kyi in time for the elections; and to continue moving towards democracy and the rule of law. Before the elections, Aung San Suu Kyi announced that even though she is constitutionally barred from the presidency, she would hold the real power in any NLD-led government. She also worked for the government of the Union of Burma. In 1962, dictator U Ne Win staged a successful coup d'detat in Burma, which spurred intermittent protests over his policies during the subsequent decades. After she underwent a hysterectomy in September 2003,[72] the government again placed her under house arrest in Rangoon. This was Aung San Suu Kyi's first appearance in state media in the four years since her current detention began. is the head of state and head of government of Myanmar and leads the Cabinet of Myanmar, the executive branch of the Burmese government. It did not take long for the junta to notice her efforts, and in July 1989, the military government of Burma—which was renamed the Union of Myanmar—placed Suu Kyi under house arrest, cutting off any communication with the outside world. [63] In contrast, Aung San Suu Kyi did have visits from government representatives, such as during her autumn 1994 house arrest when she met the leader of Burma, General Than Shwe and General Khin Nyunt on 20 September in the first meeting since she had been placed in detention. My trailblazing mother, the world’s first woman prime minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike was elected the modern world's first female head of government in 1960 when she became prime minister of … [303] In the John Boorman's 1995 film Beyond Rangoon, Aung San Suu Kyi was played by Adelle Lutz. [81], Protests led by Buddhist monks began on 19 August 2007 following steep fuel price increases, and continued each day, despite the threat of a crackdown by the military. [272][13] A 1 February court order authorized her detainment for 15 days, stating that soldiers searching her Naypyidaw villa had uncovered imported communications equipment lacking proper paperwork. By 1988, he had resigned his post of party chairman, essentially leaving the country in the hands of a military junta, but stayed behind the scenes to orchestrate various violent responses to the continuing protests and other events. [227] Husain had challenged Suu Kyi that almost all of the impact of violence was against the Rohingya, in response to Aung San Suu Kyi's claim that violence was happening on both sides, and Peter Popham described her position on the issue as one of purposeful ambiguity for political gain. [77], The United Nations Working Group for Arbitrary Detention published an Opinion that Aung San Suu Kyi's deprivation of liberty was arbitrary and in contravention of Article 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, and requested that the authorities in Burma set her free, but the authorities ignored the request at that time. Late in the month, the British city of Oxford, where she attended school, voted unanimously to revoke the Freedom of the City of Oxford award that was bestowed upon her in 1997, for her refusal to condemn the human rights violations occurring under her watch. [134] At one point Malaysia warned Burma that it faced expulsion from ASEAN as a result of the detention of Aung San Suu Kyi. [12], On 1 February 2021, Aung San Suu Kyi was arrested by the military during the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état after it declared the November 2020 Myanmar general election results fraudulent. (Amnesty International 120297)[58], Aung San Suu Kyi was placed under house arrest for a total of 15 years over a 21-year period, on numerous occasions, since she began her political career,[59] during which time she was prevented from meeting her party supporters and international visitors. [160] The New York Times suggested that the military government may have released Suu Kyi because it felt it was in a confident position to control her supporters after the election. Foreign ministers of Southeast Asian countries prepared for a special meeting with Myanmar's ruling military on Tuesday in an effort to quell deadly violence and open a … Police have fired on protesters in Myanmar killing at least 18, the UN human rights office says, on the deadliest day of anti-coup rallies. With Suu Kyi having won reelection as leader of her party in 2013, the country again held parliamentary elections on November 8, 2015, in what was viewed as the most open voting process in decades. [104] According to one unconfirmed report, the junta was planning to, once again, place her in detention, this time in a military base outside the city. [27] She is a Theravada Buddhist. [204] The current Constitution, which came into effect in 2008, bars her from the presidency because she is the widow and mother of foreigners – provisions that appeared to be written specifically to prevent her from being eligible.[205].
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