The Pali word "Rakkhapura" ("Rakkhita") means "land of the people of Rakhasa" (also Rakkha, Rakhaing). Rakhine State has one city and 16 towns. Eight rakhine youths who were wounded in the protest were detained and charged under Article 6 (1) for allegedly destroying government property and public asset. 1. [53][54][55] Air travel still is the usual mode of travel from Yangon and Mandalay to Sittwe and Ngapali, the popular beach resort. “Rakhine parties fall just short of majority in the Rakhine state Hluttaw”, Frontier Myanmar, 9 November 2020.Hide Footnote. [44], Rakhine State (formerly known as Arakan Province), like many parts of Burma, has a diverse ethnic population. His appointment as Chief Minister was formalised on 30 June 2014 although Arakan National Party opposed it. The ongoing “Participatory Township Planning” methodology has shown to be very suitable and applicable in Rakhine as demonstrated by the Rakhine State Government’s commitment to scale up and duplicate the UNDP’s efforts for participatory planning to cover other townships, with co-funding from Rakhine State Government. [50], The Arakanese are traditionally Theravada Buddhists. [15][16] According to the Burmese authorities, the violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and up to 140,000 people have been displaced. A new dynasty emerged in four towns along the Laymro river as Waithali waned in influence, and ushered in the Lemro period, where four principal towns served as successive capitals. [13] The riots finally came after weeks of sectarian disputes including the death of ten Burmese Muslims by Rakhines and murder of a Rakhine by Rohingyas. The term [Arakan], was introduced when the Arakan Kingdom was established and has continued to be used until recent times and is still popularly used in English. In Ann township, five people have been reported arrested, while in Taungup, two members of the National League for Democracy, including former government minister Min Aung, were taken away for “security reasons” on February 9. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. However, the expanse of the successive Rakhine kingdoms does not exactly corroborate with certain known historical documentation. [26][27] The UN human rights envoy to Myanmar reported "the long history of discrimination and persecution against the Rohingya community... could amount to crimes against humanity",[28] and there have been warnings of an unfolding genocide. [56], With Chinese investment, a deep sea port has been constructed in Kyaukphyu to facilitate the transport of natural gas and crude oil from the Indian Ocean to China without passing through Strait of Malacca. The history of the region of Arakan (now renamed Rakhine) State can be roughly divided into seven parts. Based on Rakhine oral histories and inscriptions in certain temples, the history of the Rakhine region dates back nearly five thousand years. Thus, the history is divided into the Dhanyawadi, Waithali, Laymro and Mrauk U. Mrauk U was conquered by the Konbaung dynasty of Burma in 1784–85, after which Rakhine became part of the Konbaung kingdom of Burma. The Arakan Mountains or Rakhine Yoma separated Rakhine State from central Burma from North to South. Using the whole state approach, 69,990 children aged 3-17 years across the Rakhine State received education and recreational materials. According to Australian diplomatic authorities, a nighttime curfew has been extended across several townships in Rakhine state as of Tuesday, June 18. [22] A number of monks' organisations have taken measures to block aid from NGOs that help Rohingyas. [17][18] The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the region. Rakhine state with 17 townships is situated in the western part of Myanmar. The ALP made necessary preparations and submitted letters three times to request approval to hold the dialogue, but the government did not reply, and at the Joint Implementation Coordination Meeting (JICM) Aung San Suu Kyi again declined the request, citing sensitive issues involving the Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State. A number of other ethnic minorities like the Thet, Kamein, Chin, Mro, Chakma, Khami, Dainet, Bengali Hindu and Maramagri inhabit mainly in the hill regions of the state. Affected Map_New Displacement in Rakhine and Chin States_26May2019.pdf, Affected Map_New Displacement in Rakhine and Chin States_07May2019.pdf, Sitrep_Humanitarian access in Central Rakhine_OCHA_Mar2019.pdf, 4W_Snapshot_Rakhine_WASH_Cluster_Q3_2018.pdf, Snapshot_IDP_Sites_Rakhine_OCHA_Apr2018.pdf. [58] Over 69% of the population live in poverty.[59]. The Myanmar States/Divisions & Townships Overview Map, Map ID:MIMU001. The programme works in 14 of the 17 Rakhine townships in Rakhine State. Stay-At-Home Program: MoHs Imposes Stay-At-Home Order In Four Townships In Rakhine State. Before the riots, there were widespread and strongly held fears circulating among Buddhist Rakhines (who were a large majority) that they would soon become a minority in their ancestral state. Sittwe University is the main university in the state. In Rakhine state, demonstrations have taken place in the townships of Thandwe, Gwa, Taungup, Ann and Manaung. The first four divisions and the periods are based on the location of the centre of power of the main independent Rakhine-dominated polities in the northern Rakhine region, especially along the Kaladan River. They also describe their territory as including, in varying points of time, the regions of Ava, the Irrawaddy Delta, the port town of Thanlyin (Syriam) and parts of eastern Bengal. The state still does not have a rail line (although Myanmar Railways has announced a 480-km rail extension to Sittwe from Pathein via Ponnagyun-Kyauttaw-Mrauk U-Minbya-Ann). Their preparation involved collaborative efforts of the Department of Population and UNFPA. Rakhine state has long been a flashpoint for ethnic and religious conflict. [6] In the Rakhine language, the land is called Rakhinepray, the ethnic Rakhine are called Rakhinetha. This inscribed huge bell is still installed in a temple at village Nadrai near Kasganj town in present-day Kanshiram Nagar District of Uttar Pradesh India. By September 13, the number of cases in Rakhine State had reached 735, spanning all 17 townships, nearly a quarter of the country’s 2,932 cases, according to the Ministry of Health and Sports. The Arakanese repeatedly complained that their proposals in parliament are frequently rejected or not addressed. [40] Gwa Township Figures at a Glance 1 Mobile internet blackout in four townships in Rakhine State among the world’s longest running. In 1948, Arakan became part of the newly independent Union of Burma (later renamed as Myanmar) and the three districts became Arakan Division. As per the 1983 Census, 99.82% of the Rohingya, 99.24% of the "Other foreigners", 89.20% of the "Mixed races", 85.50% of the Indians and 67.51% of the "Pakistanis" in Rakhine state were Muslims.[51]. The term Rakhine is believed to have been derived from the Pali word Rakkhapura (Sanskrit Raksapura), meaning "Land of Ogres" (Rakshas), possibly a pejorative referring to the original[4] Australoid inhabitants. The country steadily declined from the 18th century onwards after its loss to the Mughal Empire. [50] The majority of monks belong to the Thudhamma Nikaya (88.9%), followed by Shwegyin Nikaya (3.9%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small monastic orders. Arakan was administratively divided into three districts along traditional divisions during the Mrauk U period. About one million users had been without a 4G service for 594 days, in what had been condemned by human rights groups as the world’s longest internet shutdown. This section contains information on relevant inter-agency coordination structures, country strategies and plans and other core document relevant for coordination, planning and resource allocation. 14286. We, the 29 undersigned organizations, call on the Government of Myanmar to immediately lift restrictions on mobile internet communications in eight townships in Rakhine State and one township in Chin State. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. The following is a summary of the public school system in the state in academic year 2013–2014.[61]. At that time, out of the 64,404 Chin in Rakhine, 55.76% were Buddhist and 33.79% were Animist. The Mahamuni Image was taken away by the Burmese Forces as war loot. Added to four other Rakhine State townships – Ponnagyun, Mrauk-U, Kyauktaw, and Minbya – where mobile internet service has been blocked since June 21, 2019, this leaves people in nine townships unable to get online using their cell phones. The first four divisions and the periods are based on the location of the centre of power of the main independent Rakhine-dominated polities in the northern Rakhine region, especially along the Kaladan River. More than 1.2 million people have been disenfranchised in the state after the polls were cancelled in more than half of Rakhine’s 17 townships, due to fighting between government forces and the Arakan Army. Immediately End Restrictions in Rakhine, Chin States A telecommunications tower in Mrauk U township, Rakhine State, Myanmar. Sittwe is the capital of Rakhine State. [64], Sittwe and Kyaukpyu SEZ routes to Ruili Yunnan, Location of Rakhine State in Myanmar (Burma), Political repression by the Myanmar government, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrisis_Group2014 (, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "An Introduction To The Toponymy Of Burma", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "The etymology of Arakan, Rohingya and Rakhine", "Four killed as Rohingya Muslims riot in Myanmar: government", "Myanmar stung by global censure over unrest", "One year on: Displacement in Rakhine state, Myanmar", "Burmese authorities targeting Rohingyas, UK parliament told", "UN refugee agency redeploys staff to address humanitarian needs in Myanmar", "အေရးေပၚအေျခအေန ေၾကညာခ်က္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ား ေထာက္ခံ", "UN focuses on Myanmar amid Muslim plight", "Myanmar's Military: Back to the Barracks? Oilseedcrops.org; Editor Article, Transit routes from western China through Myanmar. Sittwe is the capital of the state. The world’s longest internet ban is continuing in eight townships of conflict torn Rakhine state, where the impacts on women are giving rise to major concern among civil society organisations. Copyright © Myanmar Information Management Unit 2021. Hazard Map_Landslide_Overview_Chin & Rakhine (07Sep) MIMU1302v01 09Sep2015.p... 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